What Is The Immigration And Naturalization Service

Old clearing service of the United States

U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service
Agency overview
Seal of the U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service
Flag of the U.South. Immigration and Naturalization Service
Formed	June 10, 1933; 88 years ago (1933-06-10) ^[1]
Dissolved	March i, 2003 (2003-03-01)
Superseding agency	USCIS, USICE, USCBP
Jurisdiction	U.S. federal regime
Headquarters	Washington, D.C., U.S.
Parent agency	Department of Justice
Website	www.INS.gov

The U.s.a. Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) was an agency of the U.S. Section of Labor from 1933 to 1940 and the U.S. Department of Justice from 1940 to 2003.

Referred to by some every bit sometime INS ^[2] and past others as legacy INS, the agency ceased to exist under that name on March 1, 2003, when most of its functions were transferred to three new entities – U.S. Citizenship and Clearing Services (USCIS), U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (Ice), and U.S. Customs and Edge Protection (CBP) – within the newly created Department of Homeland Security (DHS), equally part of a major government reorganization following the September 11 attacks of 2001.

Prior to 1933, in that location were carve up offices administering immigration and naturalization matters, known every bit the Bureau of Clearing and the Agency of Naturalization, respectively. The INS was established on June 10, 1933, merging these previously separate areas of assistants. In 1890, the federal government, rather than the individual states, regulated immigration into the U.s.,^[3] and the Immigration Human action of 1891 established a Commissioner of Clearing in the Treasury Department. Reflecting changing governmental concerns, clearing was transferred to the purview of the United States Section of Commerce and Labor after 1903 and the Department of Labor after 1913.^[iv] In 1940, with increasing business organisation nigh national security, immigration and naturalization was organized under the authority of the Department of Justice.^[5]

In 2003 the administration of clearing services, including permanent residence, naturalization, asylum, and other functions, became the responsibility of the Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services (BCIS), which existed under that name only for a short time before changing to its current name, U.South. Citizenship and Clearing Services (USCIS). The investigative and enforcement functions of the INS (including investigations, deportation, and intelligence) were combined with the U.South. Customs investigators to create U.S. Clearing and Community Enforcement (ICE). The edge functions of the INS, which included the Edge Patrol and INS Inspectors, were combined with U.S. Customs Inspectors to create U.Due south. Customs and Border Protection (CBP).

Mission [edit]

The INS (Immigration and Naturalization Service) administered federal immigration laws and regulations including the Immigration and Nationality Act (Championship viii, United states Code). Its officers inspected foreigners arriving at an official Port of Entry (POE), detecting and deterring illegal entry between the ports (with the assistance of the Edge Patrol, a component of the INS) and by sea, and conducting investigations of criminal and authoritative violations of the Act. The INS too adjudicated applications for permanent residency ("dark-green cards"), change of condition, naturalization (the process past which an alien [foreign-born person] becomes a citizen), and like matters.

Structure [edit]

At the head of the INS was a commissioner appointed by the President who reported to the Attorney General in the Department of Justice. The INS worked closely with the United Nations, the Department of State, and the Department of Wellness and Man Services. The INS was a very large and complex organization that had iv main divisions—Programs, Field Operations, Policy and Planning, and Management—that were responsible for operations and direction.

The operational functions of the INS included the Programs and Field Operations divisions. The Programs partition was responsible for handling all the functions involved with enforcement and examinations, including the arrest, detaining, and deportation of illegal immigrants as well as decision-making illegal and legal entry.

The Field Operations partitioning was responsible for overseeing INS' many offices operating throughout the land and the globe. The Field Operations sectionalization implemented policies and handled tasks for its iii regional offices, which in turn oversaw 33 districts and 21 edge areas throughout the country. Internationally, the Field Operations division oversaw the Headquarters Part of International Affairs which in plough oversaw 16 offices outside the country.

Managerial functions of the INS included the Policy and Planning and Direction divisions. The Function of Policy and Planning coordinated all information for the INS and communicated with other cooperating authorities agencies and the public. The office was divided into three areas: the Policy Division; the Planning Division; and the Evaluation and Research Center. The 2d managerial partition, called the Management division, was responsible for maintaining the overall mission of the INS throughout its many offices and providing authoritative services to these offices. These duties were handled by the offices of Information Resource Management, Finance, Human Resources and Administration, and Equal Employment Opportunity.

History [edit]

Soon after the U.Due south. Ceremonious War, some states started to laissez passer their ain clearing laws, which prompted the U.S. Supreme Courtroom to rule in 1876 that immigration was a federal responsibility. The Immigration Human action of 1891 established an Part of the Superintendent of Immigration within the Treasury Department.^[6] This office was responsible for admitting, rejecting, and processing all immigrants seeking admission to the United States and for implementing national clearing policy. 'Immigrant Inspectors', as they were called and then, were stationed at major U.Southward. ports of entry collecting manifests of arriving passengers. Its largest station was located on Ellis Island in New York harbor. Among other things, a 'head revenue enhancement' of 50 cents was collected on each immigrant.

Paralleling some current clearing concerns, in the early 1900s Congress's principal interest in immigration was to protect American workers and wages: the reason it had go a federal business concern in the outset identify. This made clearing more a matter of commerce than acquirement. In 1903, Congress transferred the Bureau of Clearing to the newly created (now-defunct) Section of Commerce and Labor, and on June ten, 1933, the agency was established every bit the Clearing and Naturalization Service.^[one]

After Globe State of war I, Congress attempted to stem the flow of immigrants, even so mainly coming from Europe, by passing a law in 1921 and the Immigration Act of 1924 limiting the number of newcomers past assigning a quota to each nationality based upon its representation in previous U.S. Census figures. Each twelvemonth, the U.S. Country Department issued a limited number of visas; only those immigrants who could present valid visas were permitted entry.

In that location were a number of predecessor agencies to INS between 1891 and 1933. The Clearing and Naturalization Service (INS) was formed in 1933 by a merger of the Bureau of Clearing and the Agency of Naturalization.^[half-dozen]

Both those bureaus, too as the newly created INS, were controlled by the Department of Labor. President Franklin Roosevelt moved the INS from the Section of Labor to the Department of Justice in 1940,^[6] citing a demand for "more effective control over aliens" as the The states moved closer to joining World War 2.^[7]

Past July 1941, Justice Department officials had decided that the INS would oversee the internment of enemy aliens arrested by the FBI should the U.Due south. enter the state of war, and immediately later the attack on Pearl Harbor these plans went into event. By December x, three days later the attack, the INS had ane,291 Japanese, 857 German, and 147 Italian nationals in custody.^[eight] These "enemy aliens," many of whom had resided in the U.s. for decades, were arrested without warrants or formal charges. They were held in immigration stations and various requisitioned sites, often for months, earlier receiving a hearing (without the benefit of legal counsel or defense witnesses) and being released, paroled, or transferred to a Section of Justice internment camp.^[8] Starting in 1942, the INS also interned German, Italian, and Japanese Latin Americans deported from Republic of peru and other countries. It is estimated that 17,477 persons of Japanese ancestry, eleven,507 of German beginnings, 2,730 of Italian ancestry, and 185 others were interned by the Immigration and Naturalization Service during the war.^[9]

In Nov 1979, Attorney Full general Benjamin Civiletti announced that INS "raids" would only take place at places of piece of work, not at residences where illegal aliens were suspected of living.^[x]

Films [edit]

The work of the immigration service has been dramatized or depicted in literature, music, art, and theatre. Films using its piece of work equally a theme include The Immigrant (1917), The Strong Homo 1926), Ellis Island (1936), Paddy O'Solar day (1936), Gateway (1938), Undercover Service of the Air (1939), Exile Limited (1939), V Came Back (1939), Illegal Entry (1949), Deported (1950), Gambling House (1951), Coneheads (1993), Men in Black (1997), Fun with Dick and Jane (2005) and Ip Man 4: The Finale (2019).

References [edit]

^ ^a ^b "Records of the Immigration and Naturalization Service". National Archives and Records Administration. 1995. Retrieved April 21, 2017. Established: In the Department of Labor by EO 6166, June 10, 1933.)
^ What's correct, the term legacy INS or the term the former INS?
^ Ellis Island, National Park Service, Usa Department of the Interior
^ Darrell Hevenor Smith and H. Guy Herring, The Bureau of Immigration: Its History, Activities, and Organization (Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins Academy Press, 1924).
^ Sharon D. Masanz, History of the Immigration and Naturalization Service: A Congressional Inquiry Service Study (Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1980)
^ ^a ^b ^c Records of the Immigration and Naturalization Service, National Archives. Accessed July fifteen, 2010
^ "The President Presents Plan No. Five to Carry Out the Provisions of the Reorganization Act," The Public Papers and Addresses of Franklin D. Roosevelt, 1940 Volume (New York: The Macmillan Company, 1941) pp 223-29.
^ ^a ^b Mak, Stephen. "Clearing and Naturalization Service". Densho Encyclopedia. Retrieved Oct xxx, 2014.
^ Kashima, Tetsuden. Judgement Without Trial: Japanese American Imprisonment During World State of war Ii (Seattle: University of Washington Printing, 2003), pp 124-25.
^ Frum, David (2000). How We Got Here: The '70s . New York, New York: Basic Books. p. 271. ISBN0-465-04195-7.